European Hornet
Up to 3.5 cm — Europe's largest social wasp. Yellow-brown with reddish-brown markings. Builds papery nests in tree hollows and attics.
A single sting is painful but rarely lethal. Multiple stings or anaphylactic shock can kill — about 30 deaths per year across Europe from wasp/hornet stings combined.
Forests, gardens, villages, and city parks across most of Europe except the far north.
Active by day. Hunts other insects — a colony eats 500 g of insects daily. Defends the nest collectively when disturbed within 5 m.