Up to 1.7 m. Brown with characteristic three rows of dark oval blotches. Considered the deadliest snake species by human mortality — causes the most deaths of any snake worldwide.

Hemotoxic venom causes massive bleeding, kidney failure, pituitary damage ('Sheehan-like syndrome'). Kills ~30,000 people per year in India alone.

Open grasslands, scrub forests, farmland across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan.

Mostly nocturnal. Hisses loudly when threatened — louder than any other snake. Coiled tight in S-shape, strikes with explosive speed.

Glossy black with white bands. Up to 1.7 m. The 'silent killer' — nocturnal, often enters huts and bites sleeping people. Bite is so light victim may not wake.

Most potent neurotoxin of any Indian snake — 15x stronger than cobra venom. Victims paralyzed and stop breathing in their sleep. India: ~10,000 fatalities/year. Mortality without antivenom: 70-80%.

Across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal. Termite mounds, rat burrows, low-lying agricultural areas, rural homes.

Nocturnal. Drawn to body heat — enters huts, climbs into beds. Bite may go unnoticed until paralysis sets in hours later.

Up to 2.2 m with iconic 'spectacles' marking on the hood. One of India's 'Big Four' — four snakes causing most snakebite deaths. The classic snake-charmer cobra.

Powerful neurotoxin + cardiotoxin. Without antivenom, mortality 15-20%. India sees ~10,000 cobra bites/year contributing to 58,000+ snake death total.

Across the Indian subcontinent — India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal. Common in agricultural areas, villages, near water.

Mostly nocturnal in hot regions. Spreads hood and rears up when threatened. Strikes with high accuracy.

Small (50-90 cm), sandy-coloured viper with serrated scales that rasp together producing a warning sound. Despite size, considered the world's deadliest snake by total kill count.

Estimated to cause 20,000+ deaths annually across its range — more than any other snake. Hemotoxin causes uncontrolled bleeding. Highly aggressive — strikes without provocation.

Dry regions from West Africa across Middle East to India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Sand, scrub, rocky desert.

Nocturnal. Makes a distinctive 'sizzling' sound by rubbing serrated scales — a warning. Strikes faster than human reflexes — multiple times per second.

Longest venomous snake in the world — up to 5.5 m. Olive-green to brown with chevron markings. Only snake that builds a nest for its eggs.

One bite delivers enough neurotoxin to kill 20 humans or an Asian elephant. Causes respiratory paralysis within 30 minutes. Antivenom essential. Mortality without treatment: ~60%.

Forests, mangroves, agricultural areas of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines.

Diurnal. Hunts other snakes (genus name means 'snake-eater'). Rears up to 1/3 of body length when threatened and makes a low growl-like hiss.

Largest cat in the world — males up to 250 kg. Orange with black stripes (each pattern unique). India holds ~70% of world tiger population (~3,000 left).

Historical man-eaters killed 1,000+ in some regions. Today ~85 deaths/year in India + Bangladesh, mostly in Sundarbans mangrove forest. Champawat Tigress killed 436 before being shot in 1907.

Sundarbans (Bangladesh+India), Indian central forests, Nepal Terai, Bhutan. Mangrove, grassland, deciduous forest.

Solitary, mostly nocturnal. Ambush from cover. Can leap 10 m horizontally. Once it tastes human, often becomes a man-eater.

Up to 5 tons. Smaller than African elephant; ears like India's shape. Despite being icons of Buddhist/Hindu reverence, kill more humans per year than tigers and lions combined.

About 500 deaths/year in India alone. 'Bull elephants in musth' (hormonal frenzy) are exceptionally dangerous. Crop-raiding leads to confrontations. Tramples or gores with tusks.

India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo).

Matriarchal herds of cows + calves; bulls solitary. Highly intelligent — remember faces, hold grudges. Charge at 40 km/h.

Distinctive black mosquito with white lyre-shaped markings on thorax. Primary vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika, chikungunya in tropical Asia.

Dengue: 4 billion at risk globally, 40,000 deaths/year, mostly in Asia. 2024 outbreak in Bangladesh killed 1,705. Bangkok, Manila, Karachi seasonal epidemics.

Urban areas of all tropical and subtropical Asia. Domestic breeder — flowerpots, water tanks, gutters, AC drips.

Daytime biter (unlike most mosquitoes). Bites multiple people per blood meal — spreads disease efficiently.

5-7 mm mosquito. The primary vector of malaria in urban South Asia. As a species group, mosquitoes have killed more humans than any other animal in history.

Malaria kills 600,000+ people/year globally — most in tropical Asia and Africa. Dengue, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis also transmitted. India: 200,000+ malaria cases/year.

Urban and peri-urban areas of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, parts of Middle East, Horn of Africa.

Bites at dusk and dawn. Breeds in wells, water storage containers, construction sites. Now spreading to African cities.

The most lethal mammal to humans on Earth — not by attacks alone, but through rabies. 59,000 people die from dog-mediated rabies annually, 99% of all rabies deaths. Half are children under 15.

Two threats: (1) physical attacks — 4.5M bites per year in US alone, ~70 fatalities; (2) rabies via bite — almost 100% fatal once symptoms appear. Vaccine works only before symptoms.

Worldwide. Highest rabies burden in India, Africa, Southeast Asia. US, Canada, Mexico, Western Europe, Australia: dog rabies eliminated.

Stray and unvaccinated dogs are the main reservoir. Children most vulnerable due to height and inability to defend themselves.

Up to 75 kg. Tawny gold with black rosettes. India has ~12,000 leopards — many living near human settlements, leading to frequent conflicts.

Kills more humans annually in India than tigers — ~150 deaths/year, mostly children taken at night. Champawat leopard killed 200+; Panar leopard 400.

Forests across all of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan. Increasingly common in suburbs and villages bordering reserves.

Nocturnal stalker. Excellent climber — drags prey into trees. Quietly enters villages at night. Once a man-eater, hard to stop.

Up to 5 m. Olive-brown, broad snout. India's main freshwater croc. The name 'mugger' comes from Hindi 'magar' meaning crocodile (not the assault meaning).

Causes 20-30 deaths/year in India and Sri Lanka. Attacks people bathing, fishing, doing laundry at riverside. Aggressive especially during nesting.

Freshwater rivers, lakes, marshes of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, southern Iran.

Aestivates during dry season in burrows. Mostly nocturnal hunter. Females fiercely defend nests within 100 m radius.

Up to 2 m. One of the few sharks adapted to freshwater. Critically endangered — fewer than 250 mature adults left. Often confused with bull shark.

Causes attacks on bathers and fishermen in the Ganges and Hooghly rivers. Hindu funeral practices (cremation ashes in river) may attract them.

Critically endangered — Ganges and Brahmaputra river systems of India and Bangladesh.

Strictly freshwater. Hunts in turbid water using electroreception. Active in deep murky pools.